A Personal Rite of Passage an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

The First Time I Lived In an Apartment: A Personal Rite of Passage Eduard Lindeman (1921) once said that civilization is marked by the need of mankind to establish good human relationships (1). He stated, Man is destined by nature and by environment to live in cooperation with his fellow-men (Lindeman 1921, 1). This forms culture and social organization, as it brings about cordial relationships between its members for the sake of harmony, perpetuation, and self-preservation. To mark the existence of this state of reality, French anthropologist Charles-Arnold van Gennep (1873-1957) insisted that there are certain rites that highlight changes during a particular stage of a lifetime, especially during special episodes (i.e., birth, puberty, marriage, parenthood, death) that appear to be almost constant whatever culture or race they may be under. These are what he called rites of passage, which points to a certain flow of events and changes, which cover distinct and similar features that are marked by culturally defined biological and social phases: (1) separation, (2) transition, and (3) re-incorporation (Goggins II 2004, 4). Need essay sample on "The First Time I Lived In an Apartment: A Personal Rite of Passage" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The rites of passage reflect social phases that human beings pass over during their lives, such as birth, first steps, first words spoken, first day of school, first learned how to ride bicycle, first cigarette, first girlfriend etc.. There are many kinds of rites (e.g., religious, social, psychological), but for the American citizens, the most usual ones in this heteronormative cultureaside from the ones that were mentionedinclude the moment we first live on our own. This is a rite that almost every American citizen lives even to this day. Thus, using the rite of experiencing the first time to live on my own, the paper reveals this transition in the three corporate stages stated by van Gennep. Students Frequently Tell EssayLab professionals:How much do I have to pay someone to make my paper online?Essay writers suggest: Choose The Qualified Help In Writing PapersEnglish Essays For Sale Professional Writer For Hire Cheap Writing Services Buy Papers Online The First Stage: Separation The first stage of the rites of passage is separation. This reflects a stage wherein the initiate begins to separate from the old ways to gather new skills, trends, and concepts. Being a 22-year-old male, this stage started only recently or less than a year ago, when I decided I had to move out of my parents house to live in an apartment that is about eighteen kilometers away from what I used to call home. I know that other friends of mine started this stage at an earlier age as compared to mine. One pal of mine started it during his youth stage, when he was about 16 years old. Another pal started it at the start of his adult stage, when he was about 18. But I am a quarter Native American, and it has been our culture that sons and daughters should not be pushed to do what they do not think they want to do unless they have decided that it is the right time to do it. This gives us freedom and sovereignty. I started to enter the separation stage because of some psychological and social phases that I underwent knowing that, in my crowd (especially in school), I am one of the few remainings that have not gone through this type of living-alone transition yet. This social disturbance went its way through the psychological level of my being, and having to live a kind of bland, featureless life made me want to separate myself from my family. I have interviewed a common pal of mine to ask what he thought when I told him the news less than a year ago. As he stated out, Yeah. We thought, pal, that you werent about to make a final say for yourself. I mean, come on, man, youre not about to stay still until youre too old to stand up would you? (name, personal interview, 20 July 2007). The roles of these comrades, even if they werent that close to me, were still very significant to my decision to finally choose to live on my own. The separation stage was the most significant stage for me because it revealed the courage to do some transitions that led to the rite of passage. To celebrate the rite, my friends and I went to the ___________ Club and then spent about six hours, while I tried to figure out the next thing I had to do. The Second Stage: Transition The second stage of the rites of passage is called the transition. Here, the initiate enters the phase of non-member and ends it under the phase member. After understanding who I really am, or what I am about to do, I felt that my life was really starting to take form. We (there were three of us going through a living-alone transition) know that there would be new obstacles and complications along the way, such as looking for better means in earning money. Yet for me, the real purpose and meaning of life was starting to appear, and I finally felt some kind of a mental and psychological inner force, entailing me to reach the other end that almost all my friends have already been enjoying. In my desire to know what my family really felt during this significant transition of mine, I asked for the opinion of my uncle who lives in [place]. This was what he said: Yeah, boy, it was good to see you finally learnin to stand on your own two feet. When I started to live on my own I was about half your age. Well, life was simpler and easier back on those good ol days. You just kinda shift that ol horse and put grass on the mouth youre more likely to succeed livin! Hahah! Now you cant do that anymore. And I sure am glad you finally managed to stand up, boy! (Uncle ___________, personal interview, 22 July 2007) I started out with the transition stage as a non-member during the time when I announced to my family, during our meal, that I have finally decided to live on my own. I sure am glad that they wonderfully accepted my decision. They asked if it was really what I wanted, and I said yes. My dad was so happy seeing his young boy grown up that he said it would be good to go fishing in the afternoon. It is obvious that fishing has been our familys rite or ritual every time something good and encouraging happens within the family. My brother and sister went with us, so did my mom. About 20 days after, I was already very far from them at Minnesota, and I succeeded in going through the transition stage alive. The Third Stage: Re-incorporation Finally, the third stage is called the re-incorporation, wherein a newly transitioned member gets to be reaccepted again by the community, with the latter expecting the initiate to carry out missions or purposes in the societal trends. This state of passage is the final stage, as the initiate is stripped from its bygone identity after being separated from its previous social status and norm. Regarding my personal rite of beginning to live alone, I realized that I underwent it without being forcefully moved or encouraged. Unlike the earlier rituals of other races, the U.S. culture of the 21st century reflected one that need not be forced or compelled. There are obligations, of course, which initially redefine my new social standing, such as being able to accomplish my duties and responsibilitiesmy commitment to stand alone in front of the world. Over the cultural history of America, this transition of being able to live alone in a separate room, house, or apartment marks the adolescen ce of the human being. It was Erikson who stated that, in an individuals life cycle, there are actually eight ages of the life cycle: childhood and adolescence wrap up the first five stages, while the last three stages are on adulthood and the predicament that goes with it (Kaye 2002). This leads us to the statement that, in America, the rite of living alone for the first time reflects the end of the first five stages and the start of the sixth stage, which is on adulthood and the predicament that goes with it. Even Elliot Jaques developed Eriksons theory when he stressed the importance of mid-life crisis during individual development (Kaye 2002). The time I finished the transition stage and entered the re-incorporation stage, I was into adult learning, which appears to be the basic foundation of an adult beings capacity to learn, to survive, to mingle, to reflect, and to relate. I felt that, while I was going through this third stage, the social community was on its brink of accepting me again into their world. Man is born with three instinctive traits, which, in a large degree, give direction to all his motives and his act. Each of us is born with the impulse to preserve his own life Each normal human being is also endowed with the instinct to perpetuate himself And each of us is born with the impulse to express his own personality. Eduard C. Lindemann 1921 The three stages of the personal rite of passage that I experienced less than a year ago appeared to be smooth flowing and victorious. I personally acknowledge that fact to my family and friends, who both helped me go through a basic transition in my life, which for me is very, very important. There may not be some initiated rite procedures like cutting the hair, putting tattoos, or scarification, yet the family and community trend (i.e., celebrating through fishing, going to the club) can be a reminder that personal rites mirror the culture and lifestyle of the specific initiate. Another significant sign of the rite that points to the successful celebration of being able to live alone is the use of beautiful clothing, ornaments, special food, music and dancing that the heteronormative culture of America has embedded in its culture. Initiation rites of the United States of America depend on the social standing, culture, and race of the initiate. Because our country is a very diverse country, the manner of feasting and going over the rites of passage can also be described as diverse. I told my mom during the celebration that there wont be a lot of stress, anyway, since I would be sharing my room with two of my closest friends. Yes, I know, son. Im happy that youve grown now and that you know how to live on your own. But if in any case youd need some hand or whatever, just tell us and wed hand you over the keys, she insisted before I left to gather all my belongings to Dads car. Yes, I know that, Ma. There wont be much I should be doing anyway. All I would need to do is to just survive thats all! Yet the thought suddenly made me frown. BIBLIOGRAPHY Goggins II, Lathardus. The Academic STARS Retention Model: An Empirical Investigation of its Effectiveness. Soup and Substance Series (2004, February 11): 1-26. Powerpoint presentation. Available from the National Coalition for African-Centered Rites of Passage database. Kaye, Jeffrey. Adult Development and Psychotherapy, (2002). Database on-line. Available at Jeffrey Kaye, Ph.D. database. Khalaf, May. Inquiry Reports: Rites of Passage: van Gennep and Beyond. Introduction to Ritual Studies I, (2001). Database on-line. Available at Thom Parkhills Homepage, St. Thomas University database. Lindeman, Eduard C. The Community: An Introduction to the Study of Community Leadership and Organization. New York: The International Committee of Young Mens Christian Association, 1921. Rite of Passage. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia, (2007). Database on-line. Available at Answers Corporation database.

Rome Italy essays

Rome Italy essays I had learned I was being sent to Italy in March of 2000 for a machine tool exhibition. I found out the happy news just before leaving work. Excitedly I jumped into my car and started my journey home. As I drove home down I-95 through all of the usual evening traffic I just kept thinking about ho I was going to tell my husband we were going to Italy. That night I continuously paced the floor looking out of my bedroom window to see if my husband was home from work yet. As he drove up in our driveway I ran outside to tell him the good news. I said, Nick guess where we are going in March? Before he could even say where I yelled out Italy! Italy, he said with a puzzled look on his face. I then explained the situation with work and said to him since if I have the opportunity to go I thought it would be a great idea for you to come along with me. I suggested scheduled some time before the show for the two of us to travel around Rome. Later that night it was settled we would sched ule a couple of days to tour Rome before the exhibition. It seemed like forever before we would finally be on our way, but then before I knew it we were on the airplane and the flight attendant is announcing fasten your seatbelts and prepare for landing into Leonardo da Vinci airport. After arriving at the airport we had to transfer to a train that would take us to the city center. It was about a 30-minute train ride. Along the ride I was getting my first look at Rome, mostly the colorful countryside with the rows of sunflowers that were so splendid with bright yellow centers, and green leaves that were so full of life. Just pass the beautiful field of sunflowers was a small farmhouse made of stone. You could see the smoke coming out of the chimney and the farmers working their land. Upon arriving at the main train station, Stazione Termini in Italian, the excitement was building I c ...

Essay on Solar Energy

Essay on Solar Energy Essay on Solar Energy Economical feasibility of large-scale solar energy collection Results and Discussion Table 1, (Appendix) displays middle ground estimation of PV and cost production for the 10kW system of PV in dollars. The data can be a representation of large system of residential or a minute commercial system. The required calculations were scaled down and up having a number of adjustments for the scale of economies that are linked to the larger systems installation. In this regard, the basic costs include installation, inverters replacement. The costs are observed to have a decreasing trend, and they flatten temporarily. For instance, $80,000 figure installation is a representation considered being fair, and optimistic. In this case, a typical system of residential would have $8 in every watt. There is a possibility of declining costs with time. The key issues that are linked to the analysis of cost include the panel’s lifetime and the required, discount rate for the project evaluation. Different types of panels normally have warranties that are limited for a minimal of 20 years or longer (Nemet 6) The data presented assumed a 25 year calculation of lifetime. Such a timeframe leads to the extending of life to about 30 years ad the cost of every kWh would be smaller as a result of discounting. Table identifies a range of actual interest rates. A number of industries have suggested that a high rate is extremely reflective of the different rates of interest that are normally faced by a variety of buyers. The values are always higher than the social discount real rate for which an individual could apply to the analysis of the public policy. In this respect, an interest that is lower could be the most relevant. In table 1, the given low rates of interest rates are relatively lower hence appropriate in the evaluation of the rate of the social discount, and the two high ones are relevant on evaluating the opportunity of the market capital cost. The results displayed also show out that, after installation, the high cost that the PV solar system owner would face involves replacing the inverter (Barbose, Darghouth and Wiser 3). A research conducted in this field reported that the mean time to time failure estimation in inverters is approximately 10 years. Assuming an approximation of 8 years means that such an inverter will require replacement at least two times within the duration of 25 years life panel. This replacement, according to the results in table1 would occur in the 8th and the 16th year. The cost for an inverter having the 10kW system has a range of $8000, which has a huge possibility of declining with time. Additionally, the costs of inverters are considered to decline in intervals of 2% each year in actual terms that are consistent with the Navigant consulting study for energy renewal. The displayed discounts and costs are normally combined to give out a present cost for the PV system. Additionally, table 1 displa ys the data for simultaneous cases, including the price cap Psim, ad the PsimH, which is high volatility of price (LBBW 4). The highest and lowest valuation are displayed in the results that are simultaneous. The PsimL results are always in the range that is displayed. The ISO prices results having no augmentation for when the binding price caps occurred are similar to the PsimH values (Barbose Darghouth and Wiser, 6). Other different studies conducted on the PV production in a lifetime panel reported two TRNSYS simulation adjustments behind table 1, whenever the evaluation of the solar production of the PV is for a life time. The aging effect is considered being one of the factors affecting the production of the PV solar. In this case, the PV production reduces in a given time having the best estimation ranging from 1% of the original potential per year. Soil effect is another factor that affects the PV cell production. The panels are known to absorb minimal solar radiation hence give out minimal electricity. The effect of soil on, the PV cells, relies on the idiosyncratic factors like the density and the amount of rainfall and on endogenous traits like the effort of maintenance. The data presented in table 1 displays the effect of aging but not for the soiling. The production of electricity from the PV solar is not equal to the equal production in the current world. Whenever the electricity real cost remained constant, the real interest rate that is positive would cause electricity production failure with low present value. Increasing the electricity cost for a given time would increase the present production. Obtaining the knowledge of the reducing trend of the solar PV costs is vital in the formulation of the policy due to the irreversible durable nature of that specific investment. Whenever the costs of the PV reduce rapidly due to reasons like the policy of subsidy, the investment delay would be observed in many companies. If the decline is only 2015 in every year, there would be an increased amount of renewable energy (Mints 5). Table 2 (appendix) present the translated figures of table 1 for the benefits and costs that are leveled. At a three percent real annual interest, column 2 shows out the net cost of the PV solar installation that is similar to the purchase of the MWh for the panels life at a real price that is constant Conclusion A deep analysis of the non market and market traits are key in understanding the benefits and costs for the PV solar power. From this study, a method used in analyzing the value of the market for the PV solar power was displayed. The presented method produced a minimal amount of outputs whenever the weather was sunny, and the demand of the system was relatively high. The application of this method suggested that account for the electricity production that is time varying in the solar panel may increase the output value substantially. The utility of the real-time prices allows the alteration of value from 0% to 20%. Using the simulated model prices will make sure that the peak capacity of the gas takes care of the fixed costs through the increased prices of energy, which makes the real time values to increase (Bloomberg 6). In a wholesaler market of electricity, the simulation is normally substantially low in volatility. This study took into consideration the time-varying savings for the lie losses especially when the production of the power is on a larger site. The study, however, fails to account for the potential savings from a reduced requirement of distribution and transmission capacity. A different analysis of such factors would indicate their possibility of amounting to percentage PV solar valuation points that are higher than two. Actually buying custom essays from can be your best solution to have your paper written by experts. We provide professional essay writing help on any topic.

Dog and Cat Names in German

Dog and Cat Names in German Hunde- und Katzennamen One of the questions that German teachers hear most frequently (besides why is a table masculine?) is: What are some popular German names for dogs/cats? But Germans dont always use German names for their pets, any more than they do for their children! Although there are German versions of names like Fido, Spot or Tabby, just as those English names are fairly uncommon for pets today, so are many typical German pet names. Dog names like Bello or Hasso are viewed as clichà ©s. Very few dogs in Germany answer to those names, or any German name, today.  «Der Zoo » (tsoh) is a zoo, but itsalso the German word for a pet store. If you dont believe me, look at this edited sample list of suggested dog names taken from a German Hundenamen Web site:  Aida, Ajax, Alice, Amy, Angel, Angie, Aron, Babe, Baby, Bandit, Barney, Beauty, Benny, Berry, Billy, Bingo, Blacky, Blue, Buffy, Butch, Calvin, Candy, Chaos, Charlie, Cheese, Chelsea, Cheyenne, Cindy, Cookie, Criss-Cross, Curly  and  Curtis. And thats just taken from the A-C section! Yes, I left out some of the more Germanic names from the original list, but you can see the Germanic names in our own  Haustiernamen  list. The point is that exotic English and other non-German names are popular with German pet owners. Even the detective hero of the bestselling German cat mystery novel  Felidaewas named Francis, not Franz. Most German name lists for pets contain about 90 percent non-German names. But you probably would prefer a German name for your dog or cat.  In our list you can choose a name that suits your tastes and your pet. You may wish to use the name of a famous literary or other  German:  Kafka,  Goethe,  Freud  (or  Siggi/Sigmund) and  Nietzsche  are some possibilities. Prefer music? How about  Amadeus  or  Mozart  or even  Beethoven? The names of German pop singers like  Falco  (who was Austrian),  Udo Lindenberg  or  Nena  are also popular for pets. Or perhaps youd like the name of a figure out of German literature. Perhaps  Siegfried  (m.) or  Kriemhild  (f.) from the  Nibelungenlied  or Goethes  Faust  versus  Mephistopholes. On the lighter side you could go with  Idefix, the dog in the popular European Asterix cartoon series, the rotund  Obelix  character or the hero  Asterix  himself. Then you may wish to have a good old Germanic name or word with a certain meaning:  Adalhard  (noble strong),  Baldur  (bold),  Blitz  (lightning, fast),  Gerfried  (spear/peace),  Gerhard  (strong spear),  Hugo  (smart),  Heidi  (based on fem. names containing  heid  orheide;  Adelheid   noble one),  Traude/Traute  (dear, trusted) or  Reinhard  (decisive/strong) are just some options. Although few Germans today would be caught dead with such names, theyre still great pet names. Other categories for pet names include movie characters (Strolch, Tramp in The Lady and the Tramp); colors (Barbarossa  [red],  Lakritz[e] [licorice, black],  Silber [silver]; precipitation  Schneeflocke  [snowflake]); or drinks (Whisky,  Wodka).

Do we send too many people to prison Term Paper

Do we send too many people to prison - Term Paper Example s probably the most effective way of keeping the streets free of dangerous criminals, but locking up too many prisoners makes each extra prisoner lesser and lesser dangerous. There are certainly several benefits as well as certain losses associated with the practice of putting too many people in prison. Owing to the sensitivity and complexity of the matter, there is dire need to evaluate the benefits and losses and reach at the optimal decision. This paper discusses different aspects of imprisonment in the US and concludes that there is a need of reducing the number of people that are sent to prison in the US. People in the US are imprisoned for all kinds of reasons that include but are not limited to violation of the immigration rules, and criminal penalties. The trend of sending too many people to prison in the US has resulted into prisons being packed with petty thieves along with serious criminals and rapists. Many of the imprisoned drug dealers were scary in their youth and over the time, have become too miserable to cause the society any kind of risk. In 2010, the number of prisoners in the US over 50 years of age was about 200,000 which in 1970 was the amount of prisoners belonging to all age groups in the US (â€Å"America locks up†). This provides evidence for the congestion of people belonging to all age groups in the jails in US. â€Å"It seems odd that a country that rejoices in limiting the power of the state should give so many draconian powers to its government, yet for the past 40 years American lawmakers have generally regarded selling to voters the idea of lockin g up fewer people as political suicide† (â€Å"America locks up†). The growing number of imprisoned people in the US is a huge burden on the shoulders of the government as it is for the government to provide them with all kinds of resources that they need. Every individual who is imprisoned is a load on the government because instead of playing his/her constructive role in the building of

Production styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Production styles - Essay Example The late 1950s and early 1960s witnessed shifts in these production styles. With the gradual emergence of rock and roll in the late 1950s and early 1960s there was a corresponding loosening of cultural standards. In this way the music of this period increasingly incorporated sexual themes and innuendos. In terms of instrumentation, production styles increasingly came to incorporate guitars as the primary carrier of rhythm and melody. ‘Down in Mexico’. This song emerged at a transitional time for music. With 1950s style productions gradually being phased out for 1960s modes of production. In this way this song retains the 1950s instrumentation style, with the use of brass instruments as the major production method. Still, guitar and bass are incorporated to an increasing extent in this track. Perhaps a more notable element of this track is the increasing emphasis its places on darker themes. While the track retains much of the 1950s cultural standards, there is a distinct shift in tone from the light-hearted naivetà © that was reminiscent of the 50s, to the 1960s increasing willingness to incorporate darker and more challenging themes. landscape in the 1950s and 1960s. From an overarching perspective, it appears that rock music became more homogenized in the 1960s, although the difference depends on what categories one uses. The 1950s witnessed a disparate array of music styles. Rhythm and blues, country, doo-wop, jazz, and soul music also existed as major styles during this period. In this way there was considerable disparity in terms of the popular music landscape, as a dominant music genre had not yet emerged. As the 1960s occurred many of these disparate music styles merged under singular genres. For instance, rhythm and blues increasingly became associated with rock music. Additionally, rock music incorporated many influences from country music. In this

Roots of conflic, viol and peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Roots of conflic, viol and peace - Essay Example In the effort to bridge this gap, peace paradigms such as power politics and world order were developed. The power politics paradigm, which is dominant in matters of international relations, stipulates that there is an absence of universally acceptable values that would serve all international actors. Power politics in characterized the use of threats by one nation to the other, be it military, political and/or economic (Wight, Bull and Holbraad, 2002). It is as a result of the absence of prevailing international government that renders international politics unpredictable and volatile, with nations perpetually changing alliances. The end result is an exposure to violence, insecurity and power imbalance. According to the power politics peace paradigm, it is imperative for states to engage in the implementation of policies that would effectively serve their national objectives construed as the acquisition of military strength and material power with the aim of deterring and compelling other nations. A nation that is known to possess material and military power is less likely to be expos ed though the acquisition of such rises serious moral and ethical issues. This means that states have no alternative but to attempt to steer away from international humanistic values that are pegged on the trust and good will of nations. The lack of a common and unified moral standard that can be used as the guiding point for international cooperation means that states are left with no alternative but to strive and compete against each other in the quest to attain the perceived security providers (Gandhi Marg Magazine, 2002). The basic idea, therefore behind power politics is that for peace to prevail, people must be prepared for war. The implicit being that the human competitive aspect predisposes the world to violence and it is through the forceful implementation of order, peace is attained. While power politics is not entirely indifferent to issues such as environmental degradation and poverty, it has been criticized for advocating for a moral minimalism approach, meaning that the world has been condemned to a self help attitude, with the stronger nations overpowering less empowered nations (Wight, Bull and Holbraad, 2002). On the hand, the world order paradigm stipulates that peace can be attained through the power of law. It calls for the development of sustainable cooperation among states, inter governmental organization and non governmental organizations. The proponents of world order consider the power politics approach as a recipe of inevitable disorder. They future insist that human have both the potential to be selfish and otherwise and if they so choose, human can cooperate for the sake of the greater good. According to the proponents of the world order, international cooperation is critical in the decentralization state centered international relations models that have completely failed to secure the general interests of human beings. The fact is the world is basically a global village due to immense technological advancements. Issues such as peace, poverty, disease, human rights violations, environmental degradation, disease and weapons of mass destruction, are a major concern to people across the divide. It is for this reason that the world order stresses the on the possibility of humans to choose to cooperate. It also