Ethical And Environmental Factors Essay Example for Free

Ethical And Environmental Factors Essay The state of Belina is situated in the sub-Saharan region. The countries in the sub-Saharan region have suffered a lot for many years. Most African countries in the sub-Saharan parts have been depicted to be suffering heavily due to the low industrialization level in the region. The transformation of country’s economics together with the changes of living standards of the people begin with education, which is brings about technology changes. Education in the region has been low with just most people attaining the elementary education. There are a few elites with higher education whom the state hope would transform their states. (Williams, 2004. pp 95) The governments of the sub-Saharan states have encouraged their investors by offering them favoring production and investment terms. As the past investment reveals, the investments which have been conducted in the African countries has adversely affected them. There is unfathomable damage and disadvantages which have been created as result of industrial development within many African states. This ranges from the high rates of there natural resource exploitation as well as human labor exploitations to the adverse environmental changes they have implicated. Davidson, 1992, pp402) Despite all the investment made within the sub-Saharan countries, energy investment has received low investors. Due to the low energy production in the region the majority of the people in the region are believed to be subjected to abject poverty. As the people within the region suffer a lot, the energy scarcity has contributed to the low economic growth. Introduction The energy demand has eminently risen in many countries allover the globe over the mid and the last century. This has been as result of rapid developments in the industrial sector as well as in the revolution in technology. Besides this industrialization factor, the state population has also increased several folds. The state populations have been increasing in high rate, thus it has multiplied more than 4 times between 1985 and 2005. The energy demand has increased twelve times within this particular period. This has lead to the government and other individuals to embark on more resources for energy. This indicates the important aspect the country men leaders attaches to the energy production. The people from the sub-Saharan countries such as the belina community should be cautious of the environmental impact that any industrial development might have in there livelihoods. Many people have developed technologically leading to industrialization, but the development which has been done also turned out as draw backs to future generations. The American and the United Kingdom states such as Germany and the Japan are such developed countries which are currently savaging from such development. This is because any technology which is introduced within the state should perpetually yield positive more advantages than its disadvantages. (Munasinghe, 2005, pp 35-48) The effects of energy productions plants are similar to those of other processing and manufacturing plants. While the industrialized countries are savaging from great environmental pollution, there has been campaigns on environmental control. The impacts of environmental pollutions are globally felt. The energy producer companies and the consumers companies of such energies have both been major contributors to the scourge felt. As the effects of global warming are being felt, the sub-Saharan countries seem to be in worse hit. This is because global warming has affected the good climatic conditions under which they have thrived in economics means. This climatic change has been associated with the industrialized countries of which most of them are much far from the continent. Due to the above consideration, the government of belina has an obligation of considering such campaigns of eliminating and discarding the energy companies interested in investments that has got inadequate pollution control measures. For this reason, the government has to view those companies having the utilization of old traditional methods as environmentally unfriendly and also some of those modern technology methods which are not renewable. Energy sources and their effects The old traditional energy sources have greatly led to the advancement of our production. They have been credited for they have enabled men to the discoveries which were fundamental for high productions. However, this old traditional methods of energy sources have now created another milestone of environmental clean up. The major traditional energy sources which are available range from the fossils to wood and to some extent the reactive elements used in the nuclear powers. These have continued for long being in use, and even today, they form ninety percent of the energy produced and consumed world wide. The application of energy resources such as coal, natural gas, petroleum products as well as uranium have for long been used. These are all non-renewable sources which have high risk of depletion besides high hazards to the environment and the people handling them. The fossils fuels have only been of continued used initially as they were plentiful and inexpensive. However, these advantages are no longer valuable as there are other means for which energy has been produced cheaply and with consistency. Usually, the consumption of these substances and their products has now been a major risk to the country consuming them. The consumption of these substances has generated numerous air pollutants and other air by-products which have lead to global climatic changes. Coal as energy resources take millions of years to be formed. Despite this, it is historically disputed as a threat to the miners/ workforce and also as an environmental hazard. While petroleum has served for long in the transportation systems and other industrial sectors like manufacturing of plastic and synthetic fabric, it has also posed greater dangers to the environment of our people. The spillage which may occur within the seas and rivers during its transportation to the power plants creates a lot of stress and tension to the environment. This significantly destroys our rivers, seas and marines live, hence the whole aquatic live. This not only affects the water ecosystems but they also leading to endangering the human life through food chain systems. The natural gas products are also enormously boosting both agricultural production and our health through their application in the medical systems. Although the natural gas seems to contribute much towards environmental conservation, the methane gas has got enormous effects which relates to the greenhouse effects. (Hall and Mao, 1994, pp 234) The non-renewable fossil energy sources are indiscriminately disastrous to the environment. The extraction of these fossils causes many changes to the soil structures hence causes disturbances to the soil. Apart from affecting the soil and its inhabitants, the method of extraction causes disturbances in the water systems, which my lead to diversion of the water ways making a particular region to experience unexpected dryness water scarcity while other part enjoys plenty of water availability. Vegetation and other significant resources are not spared either and this perhaps affects the whole ecosystem of the region which may act as tourism attraction centre. The twentieth century has endeavored to utilize the technology advances on combating with the problem of limited energy. Undoubtedly the discovery of the nuclear energy was a period of great hope to the world. Many individuals thought that nuclear energies would save the world from its limited natural resources as elements are quite abundant. The believed results turned out as unfulfilling very soon. Just after the introductory of this energy production technique, numerous fearful cases were reported allover the world. As with the Japanese case, many countries were apprehended with awesome fear as the enormous disaster left behind with the prolong killing of people. As well known, any excess without control is dangerous. Due to excess energy that is generated, the nuclear energy mistakes left thousands of the Japanese killed and many others injured. The state is also suffering from this long historical happening even after heavily assistance to curb the radiation effects. Many are born disabled due to affected human molding factors. The non-renewable based companies may thus find no way of solving the Belina problem of energy crisis. (Ministry of Water, Energy and Mining, 1988, pp 16) The struggle for the belina energy shortage takes the alternative energy sources. This adopts the issues of renewable energy sources. The Belina is positioned within the advantageous positions of the world. The fact that Belina lies in the sub-Saharan region; there is an immeasurable advantages over other countries which lies in the far ends of the artic and Antarctic of the globe. Being in the sub-Saharan region, it has the full advantage of utilizing the major world energy sources which is believed as the sun. The state does not have to succumb to the developed states demands on favors which will bring them more future life uncertainty. However, the country would need to tap the solar energy which is availed for twelve plus hour in a day. The use of this energy has not only been praised for its natural occurrence but it has been environmentally friendly. It is the best natural occurring clean energy in spites of its limited amounts that depend on the intensity of the sun. Furthermore, solar plant installation clears only a minute piece of land affecting a few vegetation cover. (World Bank, 1989, pp 23) Windmills have transformed the lives of many people living in the sub-Saharan and sub-Saharan states. Windmill energy production is thus a rapidly growing energy sources, this is thriving well in places where wind is freely blowing such as the ones experienced in the Belina. The wind blowing along the ridges and others part are potentially trapping position of energy to the industries. This would mitigate the lives of the communities by enhancing economic growths while maintaining the low effects which are short lived such as vegetation clearing on the wind pathways. Although, this may affect the country economy, it is anticipated the most hit sector is the tourism which depend on birds as their attraction means. The killing of such birds by the blades of turbines is quite minimal as compared to the energy non-renewable sources (Ministry of Water, Energy and Mining, 1988, pp 16) As the country come to the culmination of industrialization leading it to the level of developed state, the urban centre would be highly populated more than the cities are packed now. This will lead to an unimaginable sanitary state of the city environment. The living places of the people are now ravaged and littered with garbage from fruit refuse and other organic plant litters. This is making the people to live barely struggling to breathe for pure oxygen. This poses great threat of health hazards to the people. The chances of endemic and epidemic are now in the verge of being rampant in the region. But, with the modern technology, the people in the cities and other metropolitan can be saved with the utilization of the refuse both for the energy production and for economic agricultural production through soils enrichment. It will be a prime reason for not investing on others energy forms while refuse is indirectly and directly disseminating diseases to the population of the nation (Johansson, 1993, pp 96-118) The investment in bio-fuel and other biomass degradable materials has lead to the production of products such as gasohol, gasoline and many other products. The products have been a means of saving the countries from the energy crisis which is associated to the over dependency on non-renewable energy sources. Apart from their application by other states as energy alternative, they have an impact on the maintenance of stable prices of the products from the factories, making the products affordable to the consumers in poverty stricken states such as those in the sub-Saharan regions. (Sokona, 2002, pp 145) Conclusion The energy crisis and shortage to countries in the sub-Saharan region has contributed to the persistence of great suffering of the people due to poverty high level. However, the investment on energy production to solve the problem should be a careful process that does not impact adversely both in the environmental factors as well as in the ethical factors. The traditional energy sources have been major contributors to the worse economic conditions of the people in the sub-Saharan states. This can thus be altered by the adaptation of the energy production methods which are renewable. References: Davidson O. (1992): Energy Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa: Annual Review of Energy and Environment Vol. 17 pp401-403. Hall, D. and Mao, Y. (1994): Biomass and Coal in Africa. London Johansson, T. et al (1993): Renewable Energy:. Island Press Ministry of Water, Energy and Mining, (1988): Lesotho Energy Master Plan: GTZ and Department of Energy World Bank, (1989) Sub-Saharan Africa From Crisis to Sustainable Growth: The World Bank. Williams, J. (2004). Sustainable development in Africa: is the climate right? IRI Technical Report Munasinghe, M. (2005). Primer on climate change and sustainable development: Cambridge University Press. Sokona, Y. (2002) Think bigger, act faster: a new sustainable energy path for African development: University of Cape

The use of child labour to maximise profits

The use of child labour to maximise profits Many companies agree that  maximising profit is a key aspect of their  business objectives. To what extent, then, is it justifiable for them to utilise child labour in carrying out this goal? (3153 words). In this paper, the main focus will be on child labour and the issues surrounding the topic. I will consider how businesses behave in regards to child labour, both from a business and an ethical point of view. There are two key arguments; should businesses utilise cheap labour to lower production costs? Or do they have a duty of care in order to prevent children being exploited within their business? For the purpose of this essay I will examine various theories in conjunction with how businesses apply them. For example, I will analyse the Milton Friedman theory of business, in regards to multinational companies, and how it affects their behaviour towards child labour. Other theories to be considered include Marxism, Egoism and Ethics of Right. In conclusion I will assess how companies behave towards the issue of child labour; as an ethical and financial advantage, or as an unethical view. I will also give contemporary examples of child employment. Often child labour is confused with child work but Whittaker claims that there is a clear distinction. For example, a child performing a newspaper delivery before going to school is a child worker: This is because there is no economic compulsion forcing the child into employment. Rather the child keeps his wages and spends them on such peer group necessities as the latest style jeans, records or, increasingly, videos and home computers. By and large nobody forces him to go to work. (1986, p20) Lavalette (1994, p.8) However, child labour is defined as: Work which does not take place under such relatively idyllic conditions. It is defined as having an element of economic compulsion associated with it and, according to Fyfe, involves time and energy commitment which affects childrens ability to participate in leisure, play and educational activities. Finally, child labour is work which impairs the health and development of children (Fyfe 1989, p4) Lavalette (1994, p.8) Michael Lavalette (1994) explains that child labour exists because of two reasons: Children are an example of a reserve army of labour, drawn into the labour market when it is tight to provide extra labour power. Lavalette (1994, p.2) This suggests that when labour is in high demand and there are insufficient adult workers, businesses tend to use children as a back up. Secondly, Children work in backward regions of the economy where unemployment is highest and poverty most severe. In these circumstances children work to alleviate their familys hardship. Lavalette (1994, p.2) This means that child employment occurs mainly in poverty and where the children have to support their family financially. Many people frown upon this exploitation of children. But one must consider to what extent is child employment justified? Many children in poverty try to avoid stressors such as violence, sexual or emotional abuse. One of the easiest ways for children to avoid these stressors is by engaging in active labour. Thus, from a childs point of view, it can be justified for children should work to in order to avoid being emotionally, sexually or violently abused. Consideration must be given to the employers view. Due to globalisation, outsourcing has become a trend in businesses. By outsourcing, it is possible for firms to exploit wage differentials around the world. This then allows for production at a much lower cost, and therefore maximises business profit. However, this approach is argued to be very unethical and shows how profit driven business objectives relate to the the Milton Friedman concept: Friedman argued that the social responsibility of business is to seek profits for the stockholders Bowie (2002, p.2) This indirectly suggests that in order to lower costs and to promote profit maximising prospects that arise with globalisation, businesses need to take advantage of these global opportunities, otherwise they may be forced out of the market by other competitive firms, Globalization and liberalization of markets and intensifying competition in commodity markets have increased demand for labour in developing countries. There has been a significant outsourcing of economic production from the developed countries to the developing countries due to globalization. Anon (1982, p.5) This further supports that The successful quest for cheaper labour implies child labour. Rahikainen (2004, p.210) This gives further weight to the argument that Children are the most subordinate and cheapest form of labour, thus highly attractive to some types of employer Fyfe (1989, p. 17) All of the quotes above interlink with each other to explain why companies use children as a cheap form of labour. The levels of child exploitation and oppression are significantly higher where there is no, or limited, regulation for childrens labour market activities, where legal requirements are easily and consistently ignored Lavalette (1994, p.13) The majority of companies believe survival is essential in a globalised economy and therefore they exploit these conditions to fulfil outsourcing opportunities, because they. The majority of child labour is said to occur in Asia. Save The Children estimates that 61% of working children live in Asia Youth Information (accessed 25 April 2009) Labour-intensive consumer-goods industries increased productivity by pressing the advantages of the division of labour, and cut wage costs by the extensive employment of women and children. Rahikainen (2004, p. 32) Some children are exploited to do certain adult jobs because they can perform the task more effectively and efficiently In certain industries like copper making and electronic assembly, children are more skilful because of the dexterity of their small fingers. But children, because of their dependent position, are the most easily exploited of all workers Fyfe (1989, p.32) The world of work (employers and other unscrupulous people) seems to pull children because they are very cheap and obedient, can be easily exploited, do certain things more efficiently and effectively which adults fail to do (e.g. Nimble Fingers). Herath and Sharma (2007, p.56) This is a way of decreasing wage costs because children are doing adult work, but are not being paid the adult wage. The managers are able to exert more control and authority over children, because they are less likely to retaliate in comparison to adult workers who are aware of their employment rights. This is very money driven based business and can be related to the ethical theory of consequnetialist, a consequence based approach, the egoism theory. Egoism refers, in terms of philosophy, to theories in which self-interest is regarded as the principal motivating factor Encarta (2009) Which in this case the self interest would be profit. This can relate to child labour as all they care about is lowering costs and increasing sales to increase profit not human rights of children. This deduces that they ARE self motivated by money (self interest) hence following the egoism theory. However Lavalette stated that Fyfe and Whittaker suggested Child labour can be either good or bad depending on the context in which it takes place Lavalette (1994, p. 8) Businesses can see child labour to be an advantage not only because of lower costs, but as it is taking children off the streets. They support children by providing a job and maybe even benefits (depending on the company). This gives the company an ethically moral image because they are seen to be providing child employees with basic needs. This helps the children lead a healthy life, which they may not receive by living on the streets. Where children are individually employed, they may be paid in kind, receiving board and lodging in the household of their employer Anon (1982, p. 480) Moreover, by companies not employing children, there is a danger that they could be out on the streets and involved in prostitution, drugs or crime. Those underage who would be saved from child labour for example, from working on carpets or footballs could be driven into prostitution or destitution. Munck (2002, p.130) And as a result of employing children it is shown that Child labours are better off than a great number of children elsewhere who do not work, but who do not eat Lavalette (1994, p.44) However not all child employees live on the street, some also hold the responsibility of their familys well being instead. Poverty forces families to send their children out to scratch whatever meagre living they can to help the family survive Lavalette (1994, p.13) Moreover, this supports that Childrens income is frequently far from supplementary: they may be de facto breadwinners, supporting other members of their family Anon (1982, p. 487) Furthermore, it gives the employer the image that they are helping children who have the burden of caring for their families. Furthermore, this extends the good corporate image, which, as a result could increase sales. This is because there is a greater awareness of this exploitation, but some see the advantages for the children and therefore promote the cause by purchasing the products to keep the children in a job and not in poverty or on the streets. However peoples perspective tends to differ. Proscribing child labour in the south without compensation would lower the living standards of those who are already desperately poor. Munck (2002, p.130) This give weight to the idea that all the advantages that both businesses and children gain from child labour, whether it keeps children off the streets or to support their family, or businesses gaining cheap labour would be removed by legislation to abolish child labour. This is not necessarily the right thing to do depending on what peoples perceptions are; whether children need to survive through active employment, or the fact that they are just children and that they should live like a child and not be required to undertake the stresses and physical damage working does to a child. This leads onto the next argument, that companies should help abolish child exploitation and should hold ethical and social responsibilities. Some companies avoid child labour because they want to be known as socially responsible. An example; GAP, in October 2007 a ten year old was found in the back streets in New Delhi the conditions were quoted by the Observer to be close to slavery, he was sold by his parents to the sweatshop making gap toddler clothing. But as Gap wants to be known as socially responsible their policy they enforced was: that if it discovers children being used by contractors to make its clothes that contractor must remove the child from the workplace, provide it with access to schooling and a wage, and guarantee the opportunity of work on reaching a legal working age. McDougall (2007) The only reason that this unethical employment of children wasnt revealed any sooner to Gap was that they were subcontracting companies who hired child labour however they did say that they still hold fully responsible; After learning of this situation, we immediately took steps to stop this work order and to prevent the product from ever being sold in our stores. McDougall (2007) In recent years Gap has made efforts to rebrand itself as a leader in ethical and socially responsible manufacturing, after previously being criticised for practices including the use of child labour. McDougall (2007) This is an example of taking corporate social responsibility which gives the company a better image. Other revelations of companies associated with child labour include Primark which took actions and decided not to trade with the suppliers anymore and took their clothing off the shelf. Nike also established rules to increase the minimum age workers to 18 in Asian footwear factories and to offer free educational classes and to improve the air quality of the plants. However, There is ample evidence that child-wage labourers continue to work even when minimum age legislation exists. Fyfe (1989, p.17) This shows that some businesses are not socially responsible and breaching the Acts provided to protect the children from exploitation, and therefore should follow the steps to correct their actions. This could be what Karl Marx proposed in The Communist Manifesto: Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of childrens factory labor in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production, etc. Marx (1884) His view was simple in that all companies should abolish child labour and children should be entitled to have free education and by following and providing this, it would help offset the businesss image as child employers to an image of socially and ethically responsible. Additionally the company should take care when sub-contracting to make sure that no child labour is associated with them and not just within its own business. It is small scale enterprises or sweatshops, often operating as subcontractors to larger enterprises, that are most adept at avoiding the usually inadequate factory inspectorate Fyfe (1989, p. 17) Even though large companies are against breaching human rights they still need to look carefully at who they are contracting. An ethical policy that should be pursued by companies is ethics of rights, which states that every human being has basic rights and freedoms that they are entitled to from birth and should be respected by others in every way. If an individual has a moral right, then it is morally wrong to interfere with that right even if large numbers of people would benefit from such interference. Velasquez et all (1990) By exploiting human rights, the corporate image perceived by potential customers would be lacking of corporate social responsibilities. This can have an adverse effect in the number of sales. Moreover, in the short term by exploiting human rights and employing children could lower costs, but the longer term consequence of this approach could lowers sales figures. This could be that customers disregard any product that hasnt been fairly made or is unethical. Therefore, by employing children, it does not give a large margin of advantages. This matter of exploitation could also attract protestors or agencies that are all about protecting children, for example UNICEF. They can create a bad image for the business. This can attract the media and possibly authorities leading to fines and prosecution of breaching Acts. For example, the Children and Young Persons Act 1933. On another point, employing children is cheap but the efficiency and quality of the work is sometimes not up to the minimum standard depending on the work so technically the company loses out by quality hence sales figures are affected. Children who undertake adult work tasks: do not possess the physical and mental capacity that these jobs call for, and their work is usually done less efficiently than if it were performed by an adult Lavalette (1994, p.44) This depends on the jobs but in this case I refer to the job being hard manual work. There are many disadvantages for a child starting work at an early age Child labourers are usually dismissed once they become adults, forcing them to join ranks of the unemployed. The low-level skills they have gained are often insufficient to allow them to obtain further paid employment Herath and Sharma (2007, p. 39) Even though the children are being fed it does not mean that they are living a healthy life. In 28 countries, the average per capita intake of calories is 73 to 89 per cent of what is required but it is lower for the poorer segment of the population, from which most working children come, even though their work raises their nutritional requirements. Working children also become more susceptible to infectious diseases including tuberculosis, if they suffer from malnutrition, anaemia, fatigue and inadequate sleep. Fyfe (1989, p. 21) Child labour causes not only loss of formal education and human capital but also the lack of social and cognitive skills and increased health hazards Herath and Sharma (2007, p. 18) It is argued that every child should have a childhood where they play and to be educated to better their future. Children are not little adults their fundamental right is to childhood itself Fyfe (1993, p. 5) Businesses should help their child employees found within the business to clear their name and their image that are perceived to be by the public. This should include free education and any other actions to correct this exploitation this will in the long run help with the corporate image and sales and potential employees in the future. In conclusion children are among the most vulnerable and powerless and continue to be exploited as part of a downward push on costs and a rapid withering of decent, formal employment. Solidarity Center (2008) There seems to be ample evidence to support the school of thought that child employment is acceptable, because companies are keeping children off the streets, prostitution etc. Some businesses try to be labelled as socially responsible instead of child labourers as they strive to give good benefits such as the right health and safety measures, schooling, food and shelter and many others. However 2 questions that I find myself to ask: Does giving benefits make them socially respectable for still employing young children? Just because they are giving them benefits does that mean that it counteracts that children at a young age are being worked? Is this still ethically right that they have to work for education? (a basic right for any child). Does this remove the idea that they are child labours just because they give the children benefits? Another argument is that the businesses may claim they are giving all these benefits, but how do we know as part of the public that the businesses are carrying out these promises as we do not have an insight within the business? Overall, if companies argue that they are helping the children but are infringing on human rights in order to stay in the market with other competitors, it shows clearly that their aim is to compete with other companies and to gain maximum profit which shows how egoism theory of self interest (in this case profit) and Milton Friedmans theory of businesses work for profit only. This relates to the money driven mind and a lack of respect for human rights whatever the age. Such companies and should follow Karl Marx proposal and respect human rights. The loss in profits from abandoning child labour will be offset by an image of social responsibility which has a positive impact on sales. By giving benefits I dont believe that this makes the business socially acceptable, because children shouldnt have to work for basic entitlements. This is where the government should be involved and help to provide with these entitlements. In conclusion of the essay I have found that child labour effects business image mainly and which way it is perceived by the public in their own views of what is justifiable and what is not, is what affects sales which hence affects profits. Majority of the public think that child labour was abolished in 1989 but it is still continued to be found in the 21st century today in large multinational companies mainly and needs to be intervened by more enforcements by the government.

Mantras Essay -- Mantra Spiritual Ancient Asia Essays

Mantras The Mantras are very spiritual things used by the ancient in Asia, now a days this form of meditation has expanded and everyone has access to it. A Mantra can improve your life style by teaching you the art of meditation, by bringing peace to your soul and by helping you control difficult situations. A Mantra is a form of meditation that has existed for a long time; it is used in the whole world and you don’t need to be religious to use it. A Mantra is a word of wisdom that brings you strength when going through a hard time; this word could be related to your religion but this isn’t obligatory. The most common Mantra is the â€Å"OM† which means God in an impersonal way but now days almost any holy word no matter what religion can be used as a Mantra. For example; the Catholic can...

Pros and Cons of Outsourcing Essay -- Research Papers, Globalization

Pros and Cons of Outsourcing. 1. Introduction Globalization has lead to increase in international trade and a greater role for multinational corporations. With the rise of globalization many companies are turning to either off shoring or offshore outsourcing. In India and China, companies like IBM, Microsoft, Hewlett Packard, and Novell choose to get services from sub-contractors in these countries or move their development and support jobs there. Outsourcing is to contract out some of company’s activities to a third party company. The company who outsourced and the third party who is going to handle the activities for the company are joined by means of an outsourcing arrangement. This practice became even more popular after the dot-com crash of the early 21st century. As many businesses struggled with cash-flow problems, many investors were leary in investing money in high-tech companies, which many felt were still vulnerable to the dot-com effect. Struggling to do more with less, companies looked for less expensive avenues of development and support. For the United States, Indiaseemed like a perfect resource for these needs since most nationals speak english. A company can hire an engineer in India, for example, for US$10,000 a year where an equally qualified engineer in the U.S. could cost $60,000-$90,000 a year. Outsourcing has been big political issue as highly educated and highly paid IT workers lose their jobs. In this competitive environment, companies have to concentrate on competency and they want to outsource everything to reduce cost so the trend toward offshore outsourcing is increasing. Outsourcing threatens that in future US will not have many technology people. As all the technical work will be ... ...ures/feature.php?wfId=1872298 http://lieberman.senate.gov/newsroom/whitepapers/Offshoring.pdf http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/kirkegaard0204.pdf http://msnbc.msn.com/id/4631368/ http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/outsourcing/story/0,10801,78941,00.html http://www.agilemanagement.net/Articles/Weblog/OutsourcingDebate.html http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/12/19/HNoutsourcing2004_1.html http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A36379-2004Mar30.html http://www.iht.com/articles/127188.html http://www.aicpa.org/pubs/jofa/mar2004/miller.htm http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Outsourcing http://www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/2004/304/perspectives/nv1.htm http://www.nasscom.org/artdisplay.asp?Art_id=1907 http://www.nasscom.org/artdisplay.asp?Art_id=2552 http://www.capgemini.com/adaptive/media/TransOutsourcePOV.pdf

The Hundred Flowers Campaign

The Hundred Flowers Campaign began in 1957 when Mao Zedong declared in a speech, â€Å"Let a hundred schools of thought contend,† effectively encouraging criticism from members of the Chinese Communist Party. After members began pointing out where the party had made mistakes, however, Mao suddenly reversed this new policy and began the Anti-Rightist Movement, condemning the critics whose opinions he had just previously invited. Was the Hundred Flowers Campaign a trick designed by Mao to trap his opponents? Mao reversed his policies, which people may use as proof that the campaign was a trick. Mao first announced his call for criticism to the members of the party on 27 February 1957. After they overcame their initial fears of being labelled ‘anti-party,’ members acquiesced to Mao’s request on a tremendous scale, sending millions of letters complaining of corruption, inefficiency, and lack of realism within the party. But then, suddenly, on 19 July 1957, only five months after its conception, Mao halted the campaign and began the Anti-Rightist Movement, a stark contrast to the Hundred Flowers Campaign. It was now a time of harsh suppression; those who had criticized the party were now reprimanded. This sudden and completely turnaround change in policy seems to suggest that the Hundred Flowers Campaign had been a deliberate manoeuvre to lure Mao’s enemies into the open, where they could be easily identified and removed during the Anti-Rightist Movement. Indeed, Mao seemed to have successfully trapped his opponents with this cunning trick. The harshness of the Anti-Rightist Movement also suggests that the campaign was a trick. Those who responded to Mao’s call for criticism most vehemently were now forced to withdraw their statements. Furthermore, thousands of party members were sent to ‘re-education camps,’ where some spent the next five or more years doing hard labour. Even Zhou Enlai, one of Mao’s most loyal supporters, was forced to make a specious and humiliating self-criticism in front of a large party gathering. Mao’s retaliation was severe, precise, and on an enormously large scale. He was obviously poised to attack, and this hints that the Hundred Flowers Campaign was merely a wily method of enticing Mao’s prey. There is, on the other hand, much evidence to support that the campaign was a genuine attempt at reform. In his ‘Contradictions’ speech, given to leading party workers in early 1957, Mao complained of the oppressive way some party officials were applying policies and hinted that it was time to begin permitting intellectuals to voice their opinions. Furthermore, in 1956, he had been tolerant of Hu Feng, a writer who challenged the idea that all artistic merit should be judged based on Marxist-Leninist values, even as other CCP leaders viciously censured him. These two examples show that Mao, although previously disdainful of intellectuals, may have begun to see their importance, and thus may have been honestly inviting their criticism when the Hundred Flowers Campaign began. In addition, the launching of the Hundred Flowers Campaign may have been triggered by events in other communist states rather than a desire to trick party opponents. In 1956, Soviet Union leader Nikita Khrushchev launched an attack on the previous leader Joseph Stalin, dead now for three years, and his ‘cult of personality,’ Mao probably saw how his own popularity—adulating portraits of him were being hung everywhere—could also be interpreted as a cult of personality. Mao obviously wanted to dispel this notion, and may have attempted to do so with the Hundred Flowers Campaign. The campaign showed that he valued other people’s opinions, and that he was not just a heroic public image that deserved unquestioning flattery and praise. Seen from this light, it seems that Mao was not just aiming to trick his opponents. This theory also explains why the transition from the Hundred Flowers Campaign to the Anti-Rightist Movement was so sudden. If Mao indeed feared being compared to Stalin, his fear was relieved in late 1956 when Khrushchev crushed the Hungarian rising, an attempt to break away from the Soviet Union. This event showed that Khrushchev, although critical of Stalin, did not have any intention of relaxing the Communist Party’s authoritarian control over the USSR and its people. Mao realized that he would not have to compete with Khrushchev in developing ‘Communism with a human face,’ and perhaps this caused him to change his mind about the necessity of the Hundred Flowers Campaign. A quick shift into the Anti-Rightist Movement then resulted. After examining the evidence, it becomes clear that Mao did not design the Hundred Flowers Campaign as a trick to trap his opponents. Rather, he launched the campaign because of his increasing appreciation of the opinions of intellectuals, and more importantly, because of his fear of becoming a victim of de-Stalinisation. Although the sudden reversal of policy into the Anti-Rightist Movement may seem suspicious, it looses significance when juxtaposed against the defeat of the Hungarian rising: Mao simply changed his mind.

Inclusion in the Classroom A Critical Review

Issues environing the integrating of pupils with disablements into the general instruction schoolrooms are explored in this research paper. The history of inclusion if first examined by following the motion from mainstreaming to the least restrictive environment and eventually to full inclusion of pupils in age-appropriate general instruction schoolrooms. Next, the current place of inclusion and its topographic point in instruction in Canada is discussed. Besides, issues confronting pupils, their households and instructors are addressed and suggestions to get the better of them are provided. Finally, the pros and cons of inclusive instruction are presented and it is concluded that the benefits of inclusion overshadow the costs of including particular needs pupils into regular schoolrooms. Besides, inclusion tends to better the overall educational experience for both particular needs pupils every bit good as regular pupils in the schoolroom. Keywords: integrating, disablements, inclusion, inclusive instruction Inclusion in the Classroom: A Critical Review Education and inclusion Education is the basis of responsible citizenship in most well-established democracies. Post Confederation of Canada, the authorities and ordinary citizens have recognized the significance of instruction and hold made public commissariats for its cosmopolitan handiness to kids and young person at the simple and high school degrees. School is the topographic point that provides a community puting for kids and young person by assisting them develop their cognition, by advancing citizenship and edifice societal relationships. Hence, when a school is inclusive, communities become inclusive excessively. Educating kids is non merely a basic human right, but a vehicle for societal inclusion and alteration. The recent thrust toward inclusive instruction is more than merely about ‘special educational demands ‘ . It reflects alterations in the societal and political clime wherein a new attack characterizes believing about differences. The chief purpose of inclusive instruction is to guarantee that all pupils participate in the schoolrooms with their same-age equals and develop emotionally, socially, intellectually and physically to their fullest ability. Inclusive instruction is a developing construct. Usually it is understood as instruction of kids with disablements in regular schools, but it is a much broader thought. It refers to an instruction system which continually works at increasing engagement and taking exclusion from all the facets of schooling in a manner which makes a pupil feel no different from any other pupil and which ensures academic accomplishment ( Booth, 2002 ) . Inclusive instruction makes the school a topographic point of instruction for all pupils, and manages to run into the single demands of each student better. It should be able to take the school to seek ways to educate all kids in the most ordinary ways possible Inclusive schools put into topographic point steps to back up all pupils to to the full take part in the life of the school with their age equals. Where barriers to full engagement exist, inclusive schools are able to alter their organisation, and adapt the physical premises and elements within schoolrooms to the demands of each pupil. The primary rule of inclusive instruction is that ordinary schools should supply instruction every bit platitude as possible for all immature people while accommodating it to the demands of each. It consists of puting learning-impaired pupils in general schoolrooms and incorporating their acquisition experience with pupils in the general instruction categories ( Turnbull et al. , 2004 ) . Furthermore, there is a differentiation between inclusion, where pupils spend most of their clip in the general instruction schoolroom ; and mainstreaming where pupils with particular demands are educated in the general schoolroom during specific clip periods based on their accomplishments. The inclusive instruction theoretical account challenges the particular instruction theoretical account, chiefly the belief that differences in academic or societal accomplishment between pupils with and without disablements are excessively hard to be accommodated in regular educational scenes ; that particular scenes are more effectual than regular schoolroom environments for pupils with disablements ; and that labelling is necessary for appropriate service. Advocates of inclusion argue that the rights of and benefits to scholars with disablements who are included in regular schoolroom environments outweigh the challenges faced by instructors in such a state of affairs. With the support of decently trained resource instructors, regular schoolroom instructors should be able to work efficaciously with all pupils. History of inclusive instruction The history of suiting the demands of diverse scholars in the modern-day educational scenes parallels the development of societal and psychological systems ( Kaufman, 1999 ) . Smith et Al. ( 1998 ) sum up this history as holding moved through three stages: segregation, integrating and inclusion. However, late a planetary displacement in believing on methods schools use in reacting to the demands of diverse scholars has taken topographic point. Particular instruction found its beginning in society ‘s concern with human rights following World War II, and by the 1950 ‘s educational arrangement based upon minority or disablement position was a debated issue ( Smith et al. , 1998 ) . Thus, particular instruction owes much of its beginning to the Civil Rights Movement, when the integration of American schools validated a parallel human rights statement against segregation based on physical/mental abilities ( Friends et al. , 1998 ) . While both Canada and the United States presented duty to the states and provinces for implementing educational statute law, The Education for All Children Act ( 1975 ) steered in a more inclusive theoretical account of particular instruction which supported free and appropriate instruction for all kids in the least restrictive and non- discriminatory environment. Written single educational programs ( IEPs ) to aim single demands were designed and implemented ( Salend, 2001 ) . In Canada, indirect support for greater inclusion of diverse scholars came from the 1982 Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which challenged favoritism based on mental or physical disablement. By the 1980 ‘s most states and districts were supplying some type of particular instruction through a combination of regular and individualised environments ( Dworet & A ; Bennet, 2002 ) . Current place Inclusive instruction is today ‘s educational â€Å" hot † subjects, and there are a assortment of places on inclusive instruction. One end is to assist staff and pupils gain an apprehension of all groups present in the local and national communities. Besides, inclusive instruction is sometimes equated with mainstreaming where particular needs pupils are placed in regular schoolroom state of affairss. In recent old ages advocates for inclusive instruction have argued that every bit many as 40 % of pupils with rational disablements are still being educated in unintegrated scenes while they have a right to inclusive instruction ( Porter, 2004 ) . A reappraisal of current educational policies in most Canadian states shows that inclusion of pupils with disablements in regular schoolrooms is the dominant policy ( Hutchinson, 2007 ) , although most legal power maintain segregated schoolrooms for those pupils who might profit from such arrangements or whose parents prefer such arrangements ( Ontario Ministry of Education, 2000 ) . Researchers and pedagogues advocate that all kids, including those with disablements, be educated in regular schoolrooms that reflect the diverseness of Canadian society and its inclusive values ( Lupart & A ; Webber, 2002 ) . While such advocators agree that pupils with disablements may non be able to carry through the same curricular ends as the other pupils, they believe that inclusive instruction enables them to be treated with self-respect and allows others to acknowledge their concealed abilities. In recent old ages, there does look to hold been progress in the extent to which kids and young person are educated in regular versus particular category arrangements. However, while inclusion is progressively being accepted as the preferable attack for educating all scholars, other attacks to instruction go on in many countries of the state. Executions of inclusive patterns are inconsistent from state to province, community to community, and between school systems ( e.g. , English, French, Public, and Catholic ) . The incompatibility of attack has resulted in confusion and uncertainness among parents and instructors. Besides, many pedagogues believe that inclusive agencies conveying particular needs pupils into ‘regular ‘ schoolrooms with ‘normal ‘ kids. The job with this position lies in the fact that there are no ‘regular ‘ schoolrooms with ‘normal ‘ kids. All kids are alone, and so are their demands and abilities. Therefore, it is p erfectly necessary for instructors to supply pupils with individualised attending that will assist them develop in peculiar countries and it ‘s of import to construct success into each pupil ‘s single acquisition experiences. The particular instruction policy that prevails in most legal powers fails to guarantee the committedness of instructors and their schools to inclusion. In many parts of the state, inclusive instruction is considered an ‘add on ‘ to the bing particular instruction system, and it therefore may non be a precedence at all. Besides, effectual schemes are non widely in topographic point to further passages from early childhood scheduling to school and from high school to employment or to other post-secondary options. Many particular demands pupils who do graduate from high school, have no clear acknowledgment of the accomplishments gained or faculty members learned in order to derive entree to post-secondary plans. Issues for pupils and households Young people with continue to be denied entree to regular instruction in many instances. ‘Zero tolerance ‘ and other behavioral policies result in the segregation of pupils, particularly for those with ambitious behavior issues. Procedures for pupil appraisal and labelling create administrative loads for instructors while making a stigma for pupils. Bing identified as a particular needs pupil carries with it the menace of embarrassment and being bullied. Procedures for deriving entree to disability-specific supports ( e.g. , attenders, address specializers, assistive engineerings ) and other resources needed for success in regular schoolrooms are typically restrictive and non available on an just footing. There are serious concerns in many parts of the state about the insufficiency and inflexibleness of the supports that are available and about the long holds in procuring the supports that may finally come on watercourse. Similarly, alternate pupil testing and other adjustments for pupils are non assured. Parents have a polar function to play as confederates with the instructors, particularly for pupils with particular demands. However, in some instances, deficiency of significant parental engagement is observed and consequences in poorer educational quality for the kid. Issues for instructors Indeed inclusion nowadayss an tremendous challenge to instructors as it brings with it increased anxiousness and excess work load. Individual Education Plans ( IEPs ) are taxing for many instructors and many merely have a limited background in this country. Besides, the practical utility of IEPs is questionable as to whether they do non inform and steer instructional patterns. Normally, there is confusion among instructors and educational helpers about their several functions and duties. Teachers frequently leave the premier duty for educating pupils with important disablements to teacher helpers. However, helpers should be playing a auxiliary and non a lead function. Additionally, instructional supports for instructors on inclusion ( e.g. , learning resources, sample lesson programs, etc. ) are besides needed. However, a deficiency of handiness and even wrongness of such supports has been a concern. Addressing the issues In order to turn to the above mentioned issues ; instructors, parents and kids need assorted sorts of supports. Support for instructors Model schools need to be created highlight community-learning and value diverseness. There needs to be a committedness to run intoing all the values and pedagogical challenges. Flexibility in the course of study every bit good as periodic testing is needed so that instructors can accommodate to the varying demands and abilities of diverse scholars in their schoolrooms. Besides, single educational programs ( IEPs ) need to turn with the kid and any individualised planning should drive instructional pattern and service as a existent usher for the instructor. Regulating constructions need to be more ‘teacher friendly ‘ and sensitive to issues of student-teacher ratio. Besides, touchable resources such as instructor helpers, supportive professionals, schoolroom equipment etc. are needed in order to maintain category sizes manageable without a sense of competition among schools. In add-on to that, school boards should be able to supply instructors with the practical aid and preparation required in order to equilibrate the outlooks of the current course of study every bit good as single pupil demands. Furthermore, instructors and parents need to be more reciprocally supportive of one another. Parents should go on to recommend for quality instruction and inclusive plans for their kids, and should besides include support for instructors and the school within that. Last, development of a theoretical account model for successful inclusion is indispensable, which will affecting decision makers, instructors, resource instructors, teacher helper every bit good as parents. Furthermore, there is a demand for teacher-to-teacher mentoring support every bit good as sharing of thoughts and experiences that will profit the instructors and the pupils in the long tally. Professional development integrated into the regular teacher-training course of study, every bit good as ongoing preparation is required. Besides, Jordan and Stanovick ( 2004 ) place three nucleus concepts to assist do inclusion work at a schoolroom degree: instructors ‘ beliefs about their functions and duties, instructors ‘ sense of efficaciousness, and the corporate belief of the school staff toward inclusive patterns. Support for parents and pupils Parents frequently lack information sing policies and plan offered by the school boards and the authorities. Therefore, instructors and school decision makers need to promote unfastened communicating and support services in order to supply accurate information to parents. Besides, parents will decidedly profit from regular contact with other parents and support bureaus outside the school system. To back up pupils with disablements, school leaders need to make a community of credence and belonging that helps foster positive attitudes towards all pupils. Along with a healthy school environment, equal resources are needed to guarantee that pupil demands are met in a professional and timely mode. Teachers can assist by supplying supportive and flexible acquisition environments in the schoolroom. Besides, prosecuting pupils in active and meaningful undertakings would promote engagement and do instruction gratifying. Effective schemes that work best for pupils with particular demands will work good for all pupils, because every kid in the schoolroom has alone larning demands and a multi-level attack to learning will outdo accomplish the highest potency for all pupils. Finally, to further a general clime of teamwork, instructors should promote and ease equal support where pupils should be able to assist each other and learn from each others ‘ experiences. This will assist them larn to demo regard for and do attempts to suit pupils ‘ demands and strengths. Professionals of inclusion Inclusion has resulted in greater communicating accomplishments, greater societal competency, and greater developmental accomplishments for all particular instruction pupils who have been a portion of the inclusive scene ( Bennett, DeLuca, & A ; Bruns, 1997 ) . A 2nd benefit of inclusion is that handicapped pupils make more friends in the general instruction scene and interact with their pupil equals at a much higher degree non isolated in the particular instruction categories ; inclusion allows handicapped pupils to be an active portion of the larger pupil organic structure. Another advantage is that the costs of inclusion are less over clip than learning the particular instruction pupils in particular instruction categories entirely. Increasingly, this discourse emphasizes scholars ‘ rights every bit good as their demands, and stresses the importance of an instruction free from favoritism and segregation. Academic and societal accomplishment has really been found to be higher in regular instruction with assorted groupings of pupils from diverse backgrounds and abilities scenes ( Will, M.C. 2002 ) . Cons of inclusion Educators who are critical of inclusion argue that puting particular instruction pupils in the general instruction schoolroom may non be good and full-time arrangements in general instruction schoolrooms would forestall some handicapped pupils from obtaining intensive and individualised attending and instruction. Direction in the general instruction category would thin the specialised attending they would usually have in a particular instruction category. Besides, the fiscal resources are non available for inclusion to be effectual ( Fox & A ; Ysseldyke, 1997 ) . Critics of inclusion have asserted that particular instruction financess have non be appropriated to general instruction in a sufficient sum to do inclusion viable in all instances. In other words, in order for inclusion to work, financess need to be available to do inclusion effectual and feasible in the general instruction scene. Another unfavorable judgment of inclusion was that general instruction instructors do non poss ess the needed preparation or makings to learn handicapped pupils efficaciously ( Schumm & A ; Vaughn, 1995 ) . Furthermore, general instruction instructors do non hold chances to work with or join forces with particular instruction instructors and to be after and organize lessons and learning schemes between general and particular instruction instructors. Discussion Inclusion appears to hold created an ideological divide in particular instruction, bespeaking a split on how best to function pupils with disablements under the umbrella of particular and general instruction. The division has caused much argument in the educational community, motivating surveies on the viability of integrating. In the recent argument about inclusion, a premium is placed upon full engagement by all and regard for the rights of others. As to every attack, inclusion excessively has its portion of positives and negatives. As schools implement inclusive patterns, research must go on to find how integrating will impact all pupils ‘ academic and societal advancement. Whether inclusion becomes a portion of the particular instruction continuum for arrangement of pupils with disablements or initiates a useful school system, pedagogues must rethink, restructure, and reorganise their present bringing system to profit all pupils. The benefits of inclusion certainly outweigh the costs. A major benefit of inclusion is that it allows for social integrating of handicapped pupils. Disabled pupils are much less unintegrated and isolated from the general pupil population. This is consistent with the ends and aims of the IDEA and No Child Left Behind Act which specified that all pupils should be treated every bit ; there should be equal protection and equal services. While non ever possible, this is a worthwhile end. Inclusion furthers this end of accomplishing full integrating for all pupils. Inclusion, therefore, consequences in greater societal coherence, a greater sense of empathy, and a greater sense of diverseness. Inclusion is a worthy end that should non be abandoned. Inclusion is important because it ensures equality and non-discrimination on the footing of disablement and allows pupils to have a â€Å" free, appropriate public instruction. † There are pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages, to inclusion. Furthermore, pupils and instructors learn tolerance by developing and furthering a sense of community where diverseness and differences are valued. The segregation that consequences from separate particular instruction schoolrooms is avoided and the more interaction there is with persons with differences, the more tolerance, empathy, and apprehension is fostered and developed.

Hamlet Research Paper - 1538 Words

The Revenge Amongst the Characters of Hamlet But that the dread of something after death, The undiscoverd country, from whose bourn No traveler returns, puzzles the will, And makes us rather bear those ills we have, Than fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, and thus the native hue of resolution is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought(Shakespeare pg.124). Revenge causes one to act blindly through anger, rather than through reason. It is based on the principle of an eye for an eye, but this principle is not always an intelligent theory to live by. Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet were all looking to avenge the deaths of their fathers. They all act on emotion, and this leads to the†¦show more content†¦This is the use of Fortinbras expressing his anger but not using it in a way which could harm his country, and compensating by allowing him to express himself (Bloom pg 49). Fortinbras uncle may have saved his life right there because he very well could have been killed in his attack against Denmark this also saves a lot of heartache between the two countries. This also shows that Fortinbras is a very strong character, he assembles his army he gets ready to avenge his father but when he is told to think twice, he does. Oooh, Ahhh, is heard while the watchmen are at point. They look for the strange sound and nothing is thought of it except that it was a ghost. Marcellus one of guards hints that this may reveal something very big as he states, Something is rotten in the state of Denmark (Shakespeare pg 124). Although deeply sorrowed by his fathers death, Hamlet did not consider payback as an option until he meets with the lost of his father. His ghost tells him that he has been killed unjustly and with his rights still on his soul. One moment he pretends he is too cowardly to perform the deed, at another he questions the truthfulness of the ghost (McConnell pg 157). The ghost then tells Hamlet, to revenge his foul and most unnatural murder (Sh akespeare pg.124). However, upon his fathers command, Hamlet reluctantly swears to retaliate against Claudius. Hamlet does this not because he wants to,Show MoreRelatedThe Third Congressional District Of Hamlet Research Paper1498 Words   |  6 Pagesmasters degree from the London School of Economics and Columbia University. DeLauro is now married to Stan Greenberg a political strategist and has three children. DeLauro has been an ovarian cancer survivor for 32 years now, and continues funding research in finding an effective screening test to catch ovarian cancer early in future victims. DeLauro is quite wealthy and is one of the fifty richest members of Congress. 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Summary Of The Call Of The Wild By Jack London

Ms. Stone English 10 H 11 November 2016 Journal Entry #1: The Call Of The Wild, by Jack London 1. Section Summary A large dog, named Buck, lives on a big estate in the heart of Santa Clara Valley. While in the midst a famous gold rush in Klondike, Canada, many men need sled dogs to get around on the snow. Buck does not realize the great fear that he is in while living during this time. Manuel, a gardener on the estate that Buck lives on, gambles Buck to another man and loses. Buck begins his tortured adventure to his new owner over many days without food or water. Before Buck was gambled off, he lived a easy and luxurious life on Judge Miller’s estate in Santa Clara Valley. Now, Buck is being beaten with a club by men who are trying to sell him as a servant. The life Buck is now living is much different than his past life as a pet. The men are treating Buck like an object with no value, although Buck is a very intelligent creature. 2. Section Analysis The setting of this novel takes place in the heart of what is now Silicon Valley. The year is 1897, so the valley is not even close to as populated as it is right now. In 1897, there was a gold rush in the Klondike region of Canada and it made many men from around the globe flock there to find yellow rock. The setting of Santa Clara County impacts the novel because it builds on Buck’s character. Being in Santa Clara, California, one of the most luxurious states, it shows how lucky Buck is to be able to grow upShow MoreRelatedThe Call Of The Wild1092 Words   |  5 Pages The book ‘The Call of the Wild’ uses the characters, storyline and subject matter to explore ideas that almost all of us experience. This lesson will fill you in on these themes, help with understanding the storyline, and offer a few questions to test your comprehension. !!!’’The Call of the Wild’’ - The Basics Author __Jack London__ wasn t your typical storyteller. 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But that’s it†¦ After I talk to her, I’ll call my girlfriend. Maybe I’ll call her first. I’ll just hope I don’t get her son on the line. (Carver 594) His interest in the story that J.P. is telling him, almost seems like he’s looking for hope, and to reassure himself that his situation is nothing new, and thatRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 Pagesthe room, a figure ran backwards and forwards. What it was, whether beast or human being, one could not, at first sight, tell: it grovelled, seemingly on all fours; it snatched and growled like some strange wild animal: but it was covered with clothing, and a quantity of dark, grizzled hair, wild as a mane, hid its head and face† (358). â€Å"Fearful and ghastly to me—oh, sir, I never saw a face like it! It was a discoloured face—it was a savage face. 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